A cursus honorum, or course of honors, is a set of offices that a candidate for higher office is required to have held before standing for election. For the purposes of this debate, it consists of working as a civil servant, service in the military and service as a regional leader (mayor, governor) etc.

GEMLOC is a World Bank programme that helps developing countries build stronger local bond markets. Before GEMLOC, many developing countries borrowed mostly in foreign currency, mainly the US dollar. GEMLOC helps these countries sell bonds in their own currency to investors around the world, replacing loans in foreign currencies.

GEMLOC created a private investment fund and a new index. The private investment fund invests in government bonds denominated in local currency and sub-sovereign and corporate bonds. The index, known as GEMX, scores each country's bond market on how easy and safe it is to invest in, based on things like its tax rules, regulations, and market access.

A fully democratic parties are ones in which most if not all decisions about policy, campaigning, positions in the party, etc. are voted on directly by party members. Party members can call for a referendum at any time if an (internal) threshold is met. Parties that are not fully democratic have many decssions made by selected bodies such as commissions or party leaders.

JNIM and the Islamic State Sahel Province are jihadist groups which control or contest vast territory across Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger.

Cognitive Enhancement Drugs (CED) are drugs which improve mental capacities, such as concentration, memory, creativity, etc. Examples include adderall and modafinil. In the vast majority of countries, CEDs are legal but require a prescription.

Profit-ownership refers to an individual or company owning an asset for the purpose of making direct profit. This can mean creating direct incomerevenues from the asset or handing out loans to the asset. This excludes indirect methods such as creating name recognition via sponsorships.